Carbon Fiber :: essays research papers

degree Celsius fiberCarbon fibers are produced by using heat to chemically change rayon or acrylic fibers. carbonisation occurs at temperatures of 1000 C to 2500 C in an inert atmosphere. Carbon fibers are converted to black lead at temperatures above 2500 C. Carbon and graphite fibers can also be made from pitch, a residual petroleum product. Products that use carbon fibers let in heat-shielding materials, aircraft fuselages and wings, spacecraft structures, and sports equipment. You can golf, ride, sail, tennis, drive, cycle, fish, decorate or even fly Carbon Fiber Carbon fibers are derived from unitary of two precursor materials Pitch and Pan. Pitch is based carbon fibers incur lower mechanical properties and are therefore rarely utilise in critical structural applications. Pan based carbon fibers are infra continual development and are apply in composites to make materials of big(p) strength and lightness. The raw material of Pan, acrylonitrile, is a product of the chemi cal patience and can be manufacture as follows Acrylonitrile is used as a raw material in acrylic fibers, ABS resin, AS resin, synthetic substance rubber, acrylamide and other(a) materials. Global production capacity is 4.67 million tons, approximately 60% of which is consumed for acrylic fibers. In the early manufacturing processes acetylene and hydrogen cyanide were used as a raw material, whereas today nearly all AN is manufactured using what is called the Sohio process, whereby an ammoxidation reaction are applied from inexpensive propylene and ammonia. expert advances, particularly surrounding research into improved throttles for the Sohio process, are proceeding, promoted by a concern for energy conservation and lessening the environmental loading. The research aims include improved productivity, reduced byproducts, and lesser wastewater and waste flatulence.The Sohio process was amend in 1960 by The Standard Oil Co. of Ohio, owing to the development of an epochal cat alyst that synthesizes AN in a single-stage reaction using propylene and ammonia. The reaction took place using the fluid-bed od. The P-Mo-Bi group is used as the catalyst and favorable fluidized conditions are maintained by adjusting the physical properties of the catalyst. The reaction gas contains not only AN, but also acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and other byproduct gasses, so AN products are obtained by having the reaction gas listless into water, then using evaporation separation. The Sohio process was epoch-making at the condemnation it was developed, but improvements have been made in response to the following conditions The AN establish of approximately 60% was not very high The process circulated and used large amounts of water, requiring a lot of